logo
  • Veliki Kalnik
  • Kalnik
  •  
  • Croatia
  • Koprivnica-Križevci
  • Municipality of Kalnik

Credits

  • failed to get markup 'credits_'
  • AIAC_logo logo

Monuments

Periods

  • No period data has been added yet

Chronology

  • 1200 AD - 1750 AD

Season

    • In the period from 8th to 22nd November 2005, the Križevci Municipal Museum continued systematic and rescue excavations of the old town of Veliki Kalnik, which is part of a conservation project to preserve and present the former burg. The 2005 excavations are a continuation of excavations begun in 2004, with the aim of resolving the unknown facts related to the floor plan of the outer southern defensive wall of the old town. During the excavations in 2005, monitoring of the SJ 4 wall has been continued, which protrudes at an acute angle in a north-west direction from the southern boundary wall, which extends from the southern access tower to the east. It was found that the wall SJ 4, at a length of 7 m, turns west towards the high remains of the access tower from the corner, but the length and end of the wall SJ 4 were not defined at this stage. At the very corner of the wall SJ 4, its continuation was discovered in the form of a protrusion SJ 3A, which could have been a small tower. This stratigraphic unit has been largely destroyed, it was preserved to a maximum height of 0.50 m. In the east direction, it is connected to a slightly lower quality SJ 3B wall. Wall SJ 3B ends in contact with the main, outer wall SJ 3, of larger width, which was supported by two buttresses (west - SJ 3C, east - SJ 3D). The width of the SJ 3 wall is about 1.20 m, but this wall is also not fully defined because it extends beyond the excavation area to the northeast. On the western buttress SJ 3C rests another wall SJ 5, which extends in a western direction, but to an unknown point. All these walls were built of untreated stone, and poor quality plaster containing yellow sand was found with the walls. The stones of the walls were specially singled out to be used later in the reconstruction. While monitoring the wall SJ 4, the existence of one cultural layer SJ 2 was found situated at a depth of 2.00 to 2.30 m from contemporary ground level. It was extremely dark in colour, and contained large amounts of various debris (animal bones, fragments of late medieval pottery, fragments of stoves, wrought nails, damaged spurs). Considering the type of material found, it can be concluded that the space between the wall SJ 4 and the bedrock served as a landfill. Layer SJ 2 was excavated to a depth of 4.90 m, measured from contemporary ground level, and its depth has not been determined at this stage of the research. This dark layer was preceded by a layer of collapsed stones above which lies a loose layer of rubble, formed after the clearing of the old town in 1963. Above it is a layer of newly created humus, and the top layer is also consisting of rubble and manure from levelling the area 7-8 years ago. Of the archaeological artefacts, the most numerous are fragments of pottery made on a fast-potter's wheel and fragments of stoves. Ceramic dishes are represented by pots with profiled rims, jugs, bottles, glasses and lids. Particularly interesting are the fragments of squared, green-glazed stoves that amaze with diversity of their figuration (e.g. the depiction of the pottery trade, various vegetable and zoomorphic motifs). The pottery material could be roughly dated from the 15th to the 17th century. The conservation project envisages the consolidation and partial reconstruction of the old town of Veliki Kalnik in order to present the existing structure of the burg (L. Okroša Rožić 2006, Hrvatski arheološki godišnjak 2/2005, 115–117).

Bibliography

    • K. Zloušić-Iđaković 2004, Zaštitni radovi na starom gradu Velikom Kalniku u 2004. god., Cris VI/1, 96–101.
    • Andrej Žmegač 1993, Vlastelinski grad Veliki Kalnik, Križevci grad i okolica, Umjetnička topografija Hrvatske, Institut za povijest umjetnosti, Zagreb, 343–344.
    • L. Okroša Rožić 2006, Veliki Kalnik (stari grad), Hrvatski arheološki godišnjak 2/2005, 115–117.