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  • Temple of Heroon
  • Butrint
  • Buthrotum
  • Albania
  • Vlorë County
  • Bashkia Konispol
  • Xarre

Credits

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  • AIAC_logo logo

Monuments

Periods

  • No period data has been added yet

Chronology

  • 200 AD - 600 AD

Season

    • The Temple is situated west of the aqueduct and was first excavated by the Albanian Institute of Archaeology in the 1980’s. At this time it was interpreted as a bath house or a cistern dating to the early imperial period. In 2004 it was further excavated because it differed from that of the Roman grid pattern followed by most of the early Roman buildings built to the west of the aqueduct. The building was raised above surrounding structures on a large podium, 1.60 m high, constructed of bricks on a stone plinth. The principal feature was a western door, over 3m wide, with traces of a substantial threshold and door imposts. To the west of this door were the remains of the sloping foundation of a staircase. Meanwhile to the east were the traces of a rectangular chamber originally veneered with marble. This chamber would form the cella with a wide doorway giving onto a limestone paved pronaos, fronted by a set of steps. The fragments of marble heads, torsos and sculptures that date back to the 3rd century AD, found in previous years suggest that the temple may have been a mausoleum. In the overall plan of the temple the length is twice the width.
    • Further excavations were carried out in 2005 on the building previously identified as a temple in 2004. The structure was exposed and the western and southern sides were excavated. The temple proved to be in Italic style and in an ionic order. The mouldings of the lower stone plinth were preserved on the south side and, the opus caementicium core was faced with stone slabs held in position by iron and lead pins and clamps. A flight of steps on the extensively-robbed western side led up to a narrow pronaos between two antae walls. Fragments of the façade that were found in demolition debris, were decorated with grey veined white marble. In the cella were found fragments of marble decoration and remains of cocciopesto floor. A series of rectangular mortared tile boxes of varying size, (the largest almost 2m long), were evident on the cocciopesto surface. These tiles as well as the marble structures and bones found in 2004 suggested they were bases for sarcophagi. A single tile-covered infant grave was found outside the temple against its southern wall. The ceramics from deposits around the temple date to no later than the mid to late 3rd century A.D. Later reuse of the cella is suggested by the remains of a rough tile and earth floor with 4th century coins. The temple was extensively robbed during late antiquity and again in the 14th century, dated by the pottery found in the demolition deposits.
    • The purpose of excavations in 2006 was to explore this monument in its topographic setting after the uncovering of it in 2005. To the north of this temple are two monuments excavated in 2001 and 2002 which clearly had some ritual purpose. These monuments were constructed in the early imperial period, the mid to late 1st century AD. A trench was opened to the west of the temple revealing a road running north-south from the foot of the temple steps. This road does not follow the earliest alignment of the centuriation grid nor does it follow any logical subdivision of the actus squares in Roman Butrint. Stone and tile-built drains ran along both sides of the road, although the temple had required the partial removal and reconstruction of the eastern drain on to the later alignment of the temple. The fill of the new drain was a layer of fine limestone chippings. This arrangement seems to confirm the existence of the two actus alignments. The foundation of the road was stone lumps paved with slabs and smaller stones. The material underneath the road contained a mixture of ceramics from the mid 1st century to the early 2nd century A.D. A stone slab pavement formed a side walk in front of a colonnade to the west of the road. It ran parallel and was formed of mortared stone piers 2.3 metres deep, set at intervals of 2.25m fronting portico with a wall forming its west side. The road was laid out of 4.5m wide and it was main road leading to Butrint from the south. A wall was built on the roads surface, reducing its length (width) to 3.7 metres. This formed the eastern limit of a whole new sequence. Meanwhile other walls were inserted between the piers, floor levels were raised and timber structures were built. This sequence was then closed by some more crude buildings of stone and tile. The archaeological deposits were sealed with yellow clay mixed with tiles and limestone representing a series of collapsed walls from the latest phase. This layer contained ceramics dating to 230-250 A.D. The collapsed walls contained pieces of side moulding from the temple which means it was partially demolished when the walls was erected. The cella remained in use into the 4th century and the road was resurfaced with earth containing 5th and 6th century coins. The road was reduced to a sunken track bounded by rubble, this Holloway was filled with demolition debris from the 14th century when the temple was pulled down.

Bibliography

  • No records have been specified