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  • Horodyshche i nekropol` Porfmiy (Porphmium)
  • AR Krym, Kerchens`kyy rayon
  • Porphmium

    Credits

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    Periods

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    Chronology

    • 300 BC - 100 BC

    Season

      • In 2008 the Porphmium unit of the Bosphorus archaeological expedition of the Institute of Material Culture History of the Russian Academy of Sciences conducted excavations of the ancient settlement Porphmium and its necropolis. As in previous years, the main tasks included the complex of preservation measures because memorials are exposed to intense destruction as a result of natural processes and treasure hunters’ intrusions. At the hillfort the excavations were held in the northern section of the excavation area B (2) located in the north-eastern part of the settlement. The new excavation site (area: 10 × 10 m) is situated along the northern wall dated to the Hellenistic Times. Here the site undergoes erosion, and the ruins of ancient buildings are visible where the north-western slope of the plateau is exposed to landslide. The new excavation was initiated at the site which is being destroyed, in order to track the direction of the northern wall of Porphmium in Hellenistic Times. We hope to clarify the scheme of the Hellenistic fortifications discovered by researchers led by E.Kastanayan (1953, 1968 - 1979). In 2008 the cultural layer at the new excavation site was investigated to a depth of 0.8 m. Along the northern boarder of the excavated site the researchers found the ruins of the upper part of the settlement fortification wall, 1,5-2 m wide. The broken remains were represented by large, almost rough blocks of Bryozoa limestone (similar blocks compose the walls at the excavation site A-B, which were revealed earlier) and smaller stones apparently used for masonry. In the western part of the excavated site, from the southern to the northern sides, a burnt layer was found at a depth of 0.5 m. (up to 2 m in width, intensity up to 0.03 m). It contained fragments of burnt pottery and mollusk shells. Two pieces of stamped Bosphorus tile and three bronze coins minted in Pantikapaion were found here. The coins date to 270-240 years BC. At a distance of 2.5 m to the West of the western border of the site and 3 m from the northern boarder of the excavation site two large well processed limestone blocks were revealed. They lay at right angles to one another. The length of the longer block is 1.3 m. Their bases rest against the excavated site studied in 2008. The purpose for which the blocks were used shouldbe clarified in further research; it is possible that they represent remains of the large public building foundation. At a distance of 2.8 m to the West, near the eastern boarder of the excavation site the scientists revealed the remains of walls of a rectangular structure (3 × 1,8 m), oriented to the compass points. Most of the material discovered during the excavations is dated to the Late Hellenistic period. Among finds also fragments of Gerakly, Rhodes and Sinop sealed amphoras, fragments of Megarian bowls and tableware; two fragments of terracotta figurines heads (one of them is pretty well preserved). The necropolis was also investigated. The crypt No. 4 was found at the necropolis area located to the West of the settlement. It was made of large limestone blocks. The crypt consisted of dromos and burial chamber. This tomb, like others revealed earlier, was oriented East-West, with the dromos to the west. The floor of the dromos was earthen, the walls faced with stones. It was possible to track it at the area of 1,02 × 0,8 m. Entrance from the dromos to the burial chamber was blocked by two flat slabs set on edge. Outwardly, they were fortified by a vertically-set stone. The burial chamber length was 1.85 m, its width in the eastern part was 0,75 m, in the western part - 0.58 m. The remains of layers which form its walls show three rows of stones. Rows of masonry with rectangular limestone blocks rise to a height of 1.1 m. The length of blocks in the lower row makes up 38-45 cm, in the middle and upper rows - 30-35 cm, its thickness reaches 23-25 cm. The chamber had earthen floor, sprinkled with small pebbles (althoughits bottom may have been covered with limestone slabs of less solid stones, which crumbled before the excavations). Inside the chamber there were remains of at least three skeletons (a female and two infant’s), which were damaged by robbers. Remains of the upper parts of skeletons found in situ, show that the buried bodies were lying on their backs, with their heads to the east. Probably the burial contained valuable grave goods: while investigating the crypt numerous pieces of dining and toilet items were found, and a few beads. Judging by the ceramics the burial can be dated to the IInd century BC.

    Bibliography

      • Вахтина М.Ю., Столяренко П.Г. О работе Порфмийского отряда Боспорской археологической экспедиции Института истории и материальной культуры РАН в 2008 р. // Археологічні дослідження в Україні 2008 — 2007 рр. — К., 2009. — С. 15 — 16.